Optical full Hadamard matrix multiplexing and noise effects: errata

The model for Poisson random noise under Hadamard multiplexing is revised. The new model accounts for the variation of the Hadamard multiplexed measurements, as well as the previously considered variation due to Poisson fluctuations. A numerical simulation matches the model prediction within uncertainty

Colour image processing and texture analysis on images of porterhouse steak meat

This paper outlines two colour image processing and texture analysis techniques applied to meat images and assessment of error due to the use of JPEG compression at image capture. JPEG error analysis was performed by capturing TIFF and JPEG images, then calculating the RMS difference and applying a calibration between block boundary features and subjective visual JPEG scores. Both scores indicated high JPEG quality. Correction of JPEG blocking error was trialled and found to produce minimal improvement in the RMS difference. The texture analysis methods used were singular value decomposition over pixel blocks and complex cell analysis. The block singular values were classified as meat or non- meat by Fisher linear discriminant analysis with the colour image processing result used as ‘truth.’ Using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, an area under the ROC curve of 0.996 was obtained, demonstrating good correspondence between the colour image processing and the singular values. The complex cell analysis indicated a ‘texture angle’ expected from human inspection

Optical full Hadamard matrix multiplexing and noise effects

Hadamard multiplexing provides a considerable SNR boost over additive random noise but Poisson noise such as photon noise reduces the boost. We develop the theory for full H-matrix Hadamard transform imaging under additive and Poisson noise effects. We show that H-matrix encoding results in no effect on average on the noise level due to Poisson noise sources while preferentially reducing additive noise. We use this result to explain the wavelength-dependent varying SNR boost in a Hadamard hyperspectral imager and argue that such a preferential boost is useful when the main noise source is indeterminant or varying

The ramifications of maximally coupled electromagnetic interactions

In this thesis I study several applications of a maximally coupled QED model to particle interactions. The seminal work on the subject is Rosenbluth (1950), who studied the maximally coupled proton in electron-proton scattering. His analysis involves three assumptions which were starting points for the research reported here. 1. There was no derivation given (or referenced) for the maximally coupled vertex. 2. The dipole moment of the electron is ignored on the grounds that it is "quite small and decreases rapidly at higher energies". 3. He assumes that the proton is a distributed particle and attempts to fit his theoretical results using structure constants intended to reflect the details of the proton structure. I present a derivation of the maximally coupled vertex first used by Rosenbluth. The resultant vertex disagrees with that used by Rosenbluth (and all subsequent workers in the field) in the sign of the magnetic dipole parameter. I explore the ramifications of this discrepancy for the other two assumptions. Using the sign derived here for both the electron and the proton I show that the full maximally coupled cross-section to first order for electron-proton scattering to be in far better agreement with experiment than the commonly employed Rosenbluth model Further, at around 200 MeV the prediction developed here agrees with experiment to within the experimental uncertainties. At higher energies (and hence exchange momenta) this agreement falls away, however it is always in better agreement than the bare Rosenbluth expression. I show that for exchanged momentum of about the proton rest mass, the dipole-dipole terms are comparable to or larger than the monopole-monopole terms. Hence the dipole terms become more important as the exchanged energy increases. This is true for either vertex. Taking Rosenbluth's second assumption, but using the vertex derived here, I find little difference from the minimally coupled result. I discuss the difficulty of trying to re-develop the form factor approach of fitting the theoretical curves to experiment. I apply the maximally coupled QED model to neutron decay and obtain a neutron lifetime within 15% of the latest experimental value from a first order analysis involving no free parameters. Maximally coupled QED neutron-proton scattering is shown to account for about 10⁻⁴ of the measured scattering. This is as expected since this interaction is dominated by the strong nuclear force. I find poor agreement between the maximally coupled QED model and experiment for electron-neutron scattering. However, the application of a basically minimally coupled model for extracting electron-neutron scattering from the experimentally measured electron-deuteron scattering data is discussed and questioned. All of the two-photon scattering matrix elements for any two non-identical fermions are calculated, up to the integrations over the extra 4-momentum. These integrals are partially completed here, and all of the 4-space integrations are performed and presented. The development of a systematic approach to these integrals will allow their solution in later research